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      <p begin="00:01:00.130" end="00:01:05.460"><![CDATA[Hiya! I am Stelios Matsentides and we have today with us in the studio /… Nobody?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:01:05.480" end="00:01:04.890"><![CDATA[Are we not on air? (touches his earpiece)]]></p>
      <p begin="00:01:04.910" end="00:01:07.980"><![CDATA[Of course I know what the question of the day is!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:01:08.000" end="00:01:10.930"><![CDATA[Even though I have no clue where the school kids are]]></p>
      <p begin="00:01:10.950" end="00:01:16.790"><![CDATA[-Start all over again?//]]></p>
      <p begin="00:01:16.810" end="00:01:19.360"><![CDATA[This is Stelios Matsentides and… (earpiece) What do you mean Stalo will make the opening in a live link?//]]></p>
      <p begin="00:01:19.380" end="00:01:23.850"><![CDATA[I think you’re overdoing it!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:01:23.870" end="00:01:31.170"><![CDATA[-How come we can grow out-of-season plants in a greenhouse? /]]></p>
      <p begin="00:01:31.190" end="00:01:38.000"><![CDATA[What’s our responsibility for increasing the earth’s temperature and how do greenhouse gases cause that increase?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:01:38.020" end="00:01:42.260"><![CDATA[Why is the greenhouse effect outside a greenhouse disastrous for our planet?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:01:42.280" end="00:01:47.080"><![CDATA[In the studio, today, from Larnaka, the Vergina High School!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:01:47.100" end="00:01:50.220"><![CDATA[(Children enter studio from behind camera singing their school’s jingle and take positions)]]></p>
      <p begin="00:01:50.240" end="00:01:52.340"><![CDATA[The Sun of Vergina is our emblem, it gives us all the strength to know and remember!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:01:52.360" end="00:01:59.390"><![CDATA[Elisabeth]]></p>
      <p begin="00:01:59.410" end="00:02:02.390"><![CDATA[Raphaella-Adamos. -Andreas. -Raphaella. -Marilena. Elisabeth]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:02.410" end="00:02:04.860"><![CDATA[Together with us today, we have Stelios Matsentides!!!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:04.880" end="00:02:13.150"><![CDATA[Much obliged!Let’s see now what’s there to see…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:13.170" end="00:02:17.170"><![CDATA[➢	The University of Cyprus as a world leader: Greener industries with a hydrogen catalyst.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:17.190" end="00:02:24.160"><![CDATA[➢	How much pollution do we cause every time we shop?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:24.180" end="00:02:30.670"><![CDATA[➢	Hydrogen: Fear it not but be keen to protect the environment.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:30.690" end="00:02:34.540"><![CDATA[Why is everything so… contrary today? I wonder…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:34.560" end="00:02:38.260"><![CDATA[When the way we deal with the environment is not as it should be…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:38.280" end="00:02:41.260"><![CDATA[-...Then the earth takes revenge! (bursts balloons)]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:41.280" end="00:02:43.230"><![CDATA[-I gotcha! It’s like turning everything upside down!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:43.250" end="00:02:47.090"><![CDATA[More or less…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:47.110" end="00:02:48.980"><![CDATA[Rest assured… Increase in temperature. Rising of the sea-level.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:49.000" end="00:02:49.500"><![CDATA[Melting of the ice-caps…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:49.520" end="00:02:51.130"><![CDATA[-Pollutants in the atmosphere...]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:51.150" end="00:02:52.930"><![CDATA[The hole in the ozone layer...]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:52.950" end="00:02:54.940"><![CDATA[In other words…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:54.960" end="00:02:56.440"><![CDATA[This and that and what have you…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:56.460" end="00:02:55.290"><![CDATA[What do I have?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:55.310" end="00:02:56.710"><![CDATA[You have a problem!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:02:56.730" end="00:03:00.170"><![CDATA[The greenhouse effect...]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:00.190" end="00:03:01.760"><![CDATA[So… That’s why Stalo’s been hiding in the greenhouse!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:01.780" end="00:03:03.650"><![CDATA[Genius, you are…!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:03.670" end="00:03:05.430"><![CDATA[Are we going to be eating in today’s experiment then?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:05.450" end="00:03:10.310"><![CDATA[Each other, if you don’t concentrate a bit!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:10.330" end="00:03:12.260"><![CDATA[And we’ll be messing everything up if we don’t keep ourselves plugged in at all times!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:12.280" end="00:03:18.630"><![CDATA[Are you saying we are not then?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:18.650" end="00:03:20.830"><![CDATA[I think you’re way asleep by the looks of it… If it were me in the studio…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:20.850" end="00:03:22.560"><![CDATA[Plugged in and all!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:22.580" end="00:03:22.680"><![CDATA[Teach your grandfather]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:22.700" end="00:03:27.120"><![CDATA[-Maths?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:27.140" end="00:03:29.720"><![CDATA[No, today’s experiment! We said that we all have to be plugged in, didn’t we?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:29.740" end="00:03:31.950"><![CDATA[So let’s reveal to all the unknown parameter X.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:31.970" end="00:03:37.210"><![CDATA[Try something less mathematic perhaps?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:37.230" end="00:03:42.360"><![CDATA[We’ll try to reconstruct the process of earth destruction by greenhouse gas emission.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:42.380" end="00:03:44.350"><![CDATA[We will also meet some Cypriot scientists who do their best to reverse this destructive process.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:44.370" end="00:03:46.360"><![CDATA[Materials and ingredients?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:46.380" end="00:03:48.040"><![CDATA[-Shoot!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:48.060" end="00:03:50.690"><![CDATA[Two spirit thermometers.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:50.710" end="00:03:52.330"><![CDATA[Rubber bands, plasticine, a pair of scissors…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:52.350" end="00:03:54.410"><![CDATA[-A piece of clear nylon wrapping…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:54.430" end="00:03:57.620"><![CDATA[-What’s this over here?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:57.640" end="00:03:57.240"><![CDATA[Some kind of sun protection.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:03:57.260" end="00:04:01.230"><![CDATA[-What’s this inside?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:01.250" end="00:04:06.590"><![CDATA[Two polystyrene slabs. We’ll be using it as an insulator]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:06.610" end="00:04:09.290"><![CDATA[How about you? You have more materials or am I wrong?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:09.310" end="00:04:11.480"><![CDATA[If you’re wise and come from the Vergina High School…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:11.500" end="00:04:14.970"><![CDATA[You know other wise guys from the same school?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:14.990" end="00:04:16.770"><![CDATA[-No… You can do a different experiment about the same phenomenon]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:16.790" end="00:04:18.960"><![CDATA[You don’t say!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:18.980" end="00:04:21.260"><![CDATA[-So let’s see…:2 clear plastic bags.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:21.280" end="00:04:27.450"><![CDATA[2 spirit thermometers…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:27.470" end="00:04:31.120"><![CDATA[The same sun protector and the polystyrene slabs which will be our insulating material.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:31.140" end="00:04:34.130"><![CDATA[So, you have one bag more than the other team…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:34.150" end="00:04:36.610"><![CDATA[Yes and ½ a litre of vinegar too…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:36.630" end="00:04:38.460"><![CDATA[And 5 teaspoonfuls of baking soda.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:38.480" end="00:04:42.450"><![CDATA[A conical flask…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:42.470" end="00:04:46.770"><![CDATA[Some rubber bands and, for even better results, some cello tape]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:46.790" end="00:04:52.520"><![CDATA[-Never forget the presence of your beloved adult…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:52.540" end="00:04:54.740"><![CDATA[-In order to see whether carbon dioxide is responsible for the increase in earth’s temperature…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:54.760" end="00:04:57.900"><![CDATA[Directly to the point!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:04:57.920" end="00:05:00.350"><![CDATA[Our world is being baked… Every second counts!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:05:00.370" end="00:05:02.580"><![CDATA[Especially on television…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:05:02.600" end="00:05:07.070"><![CDATA[We fill the plastic bag with carbon dioxide.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:05:07.090" end="00:05:19.320"><![CDATA[Carbon dioxide is produced by pouring vinegar in the flask…//]]></p>
      <p begin="00:05:19.340" end="00:05:29.490"><![CDATA[We then place the baking soda inside the plastic bag and empty the air.// (sound of plastic bag)]]></p>
      <p begin="00:05:29.510" end="00:05:43.230"><![CDATA[-It is very important to take all atmospheric air out of the bag.// (sound of plastic bag)]]></p>
      <p begin="00:05:43.250" end="00:06:33.700"><![CDATA[We slowly let the baking soda fall into the vinegar. This reaction produces carbon dioxide which fills the plastic bag.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:06:33.720" end="00:06:46.890"><![CDATA[When the bag is full with carbon dioxide, /…we will insert the thermometer in the bag,/…trying not to let any gas out. // (sound of plastic bag)]]></p>
      <p begin="00:06:46.910" end="00:06:48.200"><![CDATA[Would you be so kind as to approach, dear adult, so that we can start the experiment too?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:06:48.220" end="00:06:49.910"><![CDATA[Here I am!!!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:06:49.930" end="00:06:53.030"><![CDATA[Can you see this thermometer?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:06:53.050" end="00:06:55.550"><![CDATA[Leave it for now…//]]></p>
      <p begin="00:06:55.570" end="00:06:57.080"><![CDATA[(argument in silence)]]></p>
      <p begin="00:06:57.100" end="00:07:02.350"><![CDATA[We will take the other one]]></p>
      <p begin="00:07:02.370" end="00:07:11.980"><![CDATA[And put it inside the bag which we will fill with atmospheric air…// (sound of plastic bag)]]></p>
      <p begin="00:07:12.000" end="00:07:21.560"><![CDATA[And then we tie it up. (sound of plastic bag)]]></p>
      <p begin="00:07:21.580" end="00:07:23.410"><![CDATA[We then take the 2 thermometers and go out to sunbathe.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:07:23.430" end="00:07:24.930"><![CDATA[How about the other team?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:07:24.950" end="00:07:30.200"><![CDATA[We are ready to begin.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:07:30.220" end="00:07:35.700"><![CDATA[There are, of course, other ways to solve some serious problems.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:07:35.720" end="00:07:43.420"><![CDATA[In fact, in Cyprus, there is a person who seems to have solved two problems at once!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:07:43.440" end="00:07:48.280"><![CDATA[You…// and you! // Together with me, out!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:07:48.300" end="00:08:00.590"><![CDATA[As for you, Stalo, it’s about time you got plugged in too!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:08:00.610" end="00:08:38.130"><![CDATA[Child playing violin/]]></p>
      <p begin="00:08:38.150" end="00:08:39.910"><![CDATA[Angelos and Maria have six children and live in a beautiful house in Lefkosia with three of them.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:08:39.930" end="00:08:45.300"><![CDATA[-How about the rest, Maria?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:08:45.320" end="00:08:48.100"><![CDATA[The two older ones are away in Athens for studies. One is studying physiotherapy and the other one business administration.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:08:48.120" end="00:08:50.570"><![CDATA[The third one in line is a soldier.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:08:50.590" end="00:08:54.640"><![CDATA[How is daily bread being provided in this family?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:08:54.660" end="00:09:05.770"><![CDATA[-It is being well provided, I think.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:09:05.790" end="00:09:16.440"><![CDATA[. I have taught chemistry at the University of Cyprus since 1997 and I have recently started trading upon a patent of mine.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:09:16.460" end="00:09:25.010"><![CDATA[You hold a patent for a way to decrease nitrogen oxide gas emissions. Which means…?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:09:25.030" end="00:09:32.390"><![CDATA[We have patented a research we have done in our labs during the past six years which]]></p>
      <p begin="00:09:32.410" end="00:09:41.050"><![CDATA[deals with the transformation of nitrogen oxide gases emitted by industrial units]]></p>
      <p begin="00:09:41.070" end="00:09:49.450"><![CDATA[in the process of producing heat and electricity, with the use of particular catalysts.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:09:49.470" end="00:10:03.100"><![CDATA[Our patent is characterized by two new aspects:]]></p>
      <p begin="00:10:03.120" end="00:10:15.390"><![CDATA[the catalyst we have developed uses hydrogen as a reducing agent to convert the pollutants into harmless gases]]></p>
      <p begin="00:10:15.410" end="00:10:27.760"><![CDATA[, nitrogen and water, whereas existing technology uses ammonia as a reducing agent,]]></p>
      <p begin="00:10:27.780" end="00:10:39.960"><![CDATA[, the use of which induces many technical problems as well as having a high investment cost.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:10:39.980" end="00:10:44.980"><![CDATA[The second main new point of this patent is that our catalyst works in much lower]]></p>
      <p begin="00:10:45.000" end="00:11:01.140"><![CDATA[temperatures compared to the ammonia catalyst in use today.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:11:01.160" end="00:11:09.030"><![CDATA[Ours works at 120-150 degrees whereas the one used up to now works at 300-400 degrees]]></p>
      <p begin="00:11:09.050" end="00:11:21.230"><![CDATA[degrees and as you can understand the most important benefit of this is the conservation of energy.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:11:21.250" end="00:11:26.600"><![CDATA[The development of this new catalyst aims to deal with the emission of nitrogen oxide gases by industry, not by cars.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:11:26.620" end="00:11:39.970"><![CDATA[How does your catalyst work in real life?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:11:39.990" end="00:11:52.280"><![CDATA[Industry uses fuel materials like petrol, coal, natural gas to produce heat and electric energy.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:11:52.300" end="00:11:58.330"><![CDATA[Fuel is mixed with air, it is combusted, thus transforming the fuel’s]]></p>
      <p begin="00:11:58.350" end="00:12:05.800"><![CDATA[fuel’s chemical energy into heat and fumes are produced]]></p>
      <p begin="00:12:05.820" end="00:12:14.010"><![CDATA[This contains carbon dioxide, water and various oxides of nitrogen.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:12:14.030" end="00:12:20.630"><![CDATA[Before we treat the fumes for nitrogen oxides and convert them into harmless nitrogen and water,]]></p>
      <p begin="00:12:20.650" end="00:12:29.540"><![CDATA[we must remove all solid materials and the oxides of sulphur]]></p>
      <p begin="00:12:29.560" end="00:12:35.720"><![CDATA[. The fumes are first passed through electrostatic filters which remove solids]]></p>
      <p begin="00:12:35.740" end="00:12:44.150"><![CDATA[solids and then through absorption towers which hold up sulphur oxides.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:12:44.170" end="00:12:51.590"><![CDATA[The fumes are then passed through a catalytic reactor which with the help of hydrogen in our case,]]></p>
      <p begin="00:12:51.610" end="00:13:05.990"><![CDATA[, converts the nitrogen oxides into harmless substances.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:13:06.010" end="00:13:10.820"><![CDATA[The catalyst might have a volume of several tens of cubic meters.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:13:10.840" end="00:13:17.000"><![CDATA[So, don’t think that we are talking about small quantities.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:13:17.020" end="00:13:29.890"><![CDATA[Bear in mind that the flow of fumes in industry is very large]]></p>
      <p begin="00:13:29.910" end="00:13:35.480"><![CDATA[200 thousand cubic metres of fumes per hour are typical in such a combustion process.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:13:35.500" end="00:13:44.240"><![CDATA[Can we see this catalyst in your lab?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:13:44.260" end="00:13:58.810"><![CDATA[Of course. The catalyst is in a powder form, as you can see]]></p>
      <p begin="00:13:58.830" end="00:14:13.010"><![CDATA[This is a mixture of solid magnesium and demetrium oxides.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:14:13.030" end="00:14:22.570"><![CDATA[. In the tiny pores of this solid we have embedded very small particles of platinum through a chemical process.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:14:22.590" end="00:14:34.110"><![CDATA[This is our catalyst for this particular process.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:14:34.130" end="00:14:43.880"><![CDATA[In industry, this catalyst is not used as a powder but will be transformed according to its use.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:14:43.900" end="00:14:54.500"><![CDATA[Here, for example, we have this cellular tube in the canals of which the powder is inserted.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:14:54.520" end="00:15:01.520"><![CDATA[How do you measure the yield of your catalyst in the lab?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:15:01.540" end="00:15:13.180"><![CDATA[-Very simply, we have designed and produced this chemical reactor,]]></p>
      <p begin="00:15:13.200" end="00:15:29.630"><![CDATA[inside which we put our catalyst either in its powder or in its cellular form.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:15:29.650" end="00:15:44.180"><![CDATA[We seal the reactor and pass through it a gas that simulates the composition of our industrial fumes]]></p>
      <p begin="00:15:44.200" end="00:16:03.080"><![CDATA[For example, the concentrations of the oxides of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:16:03.100" end="00:16:11.540"><![CDATA[The nitrogen oxides in our gas react with this specific catalyst and at the outlet we receive]]></p>
      <p begin="00:16:11.560" end="00:16:19.540"><![CDATA[the gas free of all the nitrogen oxides leaving us only with nitrogen.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:16:19.560" end="00:16:27.060"><![CDATA[Look at that! -So, what do we do now?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:16:27.080" end="00:16:30.730"><![CDATA[We will place the bags, one containing carbon dioxide and the other atmospheric air on the insulating material.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:16:30.750" end="00:16:35.190"><![CDATA[You did the same with yours, yes? But… the thermometers?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:16:35.210" end="00:16:37.870"><![CDATA[Indeed, we must take care to have the bags in sunlight and the thermometers in the shade.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:16:37.890" end="00:16:39.320"><![CDATA[And wait…?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:16:39.340" end="00:16:55.200"><![CDATA[(makes face – what else?)]]></p>
      <p begin="00:16:55.220" end="00:16:58.040"><![CDATA[-They will be waiting for 7-10 minutes outside…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:16:58.060" end="00:17:00.760"><![CDATA[Depending on the season and how strong sunlight is in your country…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:17:00.780" end="00:17:05.190"><![CDATA[You could be waiting for half an hour or more!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:17:05.210" end="00:17:09.670"><![CDATA[-Let’s leave Stelios bake in the sun to go with Stalo on a much cooler trip...]]></p>
      <p begin="00:17:09.690" end="00:17:15.620"><![CDATA[Up north somewhere, where the weather is almost always dull…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:17:15.640" end="00:17:29.860"><![CDATA[Although, with the way climate is changing, we won’t be able to speak about rainy London for much longer…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:17:29.880" end="00:17:34.590"><![CDATA[-Prof. Savvas, here we are at the Brunel University in London. What made you end up here?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:17:34.610" end="00:17:38.980"><![CDATA[I came over to England to study for my first degree in mechanical engineering.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:17:39.000" end="00:17:46.810"><![CDATA[Got a scholarship and stayed on and did my PhD at the University of Westminster.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:17:46.830" end="00:17:55.100"><![CDATA[After that I got a job as a lecturer there for 5 years and in 1986 I moved to Brunel.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:17:55.120" end="00:18:09.400"><![CDATA[Now I am the head of School of Engineering and Design. I have been doing that for 4 years.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:18:09.420" end="00:18:11.910"><![CDATA[My research interests are mainly energy and energy conservation and reduction of the environmental]]></p>
      <p begin="00:18:11.930" end="00:18:16.550"><![CDATA[impacts of buildings and various energy processes.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:18:16.570" end="00:18:26.000"><![CDATA[In recent years my research work has concentrated mainly on the food industry and the]]></p>
      <p begin="00:18:26.020" end="00:18:35.010"><![CDATA[environmental impacts and the CO2 omissions from the food industry in the UK.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:18:35.030" end="00:18:39.400"><![CDATA[The food chain in the UK is responsible for 14% of the total energy consumption and specifically]]></p>
      <p begin="00:18:39.420" end="00:18:43.560"><![CDATA[the supermarkets are responsible for 3% to 5% of the electrical energy consumption]]></p>
      <p begin="00:18:43.580" end="00:18:50.530"><![CDATA[and about 1% of the CO2 omissions in the UK.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:18:50.550" end="00:18:54.070"><![CDATA[What we are looking at is at reducing those omissions by optimizing the refrigeration equipment]]></p>
      <p begin="00:18:54.090" end="00:19:00.830"><![CDATA[that are used in the supermarkets.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:19:00.850" end="00:19:04.870"><![CDATA[I mean, if your remember from going shopping in a supermarket is that a lot of them do not use any doors.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:19:04.890" end="00:19:12.680"><![CDATA[And they do not use doors to increase sales.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:19:12.700" end="00:19:18.910"><![CDATA[A lot of air spills out of the cabinet into the aisle of the supermarket  and that creates the cold effect]]></p>
      <p begin="00:19:18.930" end="00:19:24.670"><![CDATA[So your feet when you go into the supermarket in the summer get quiet cold.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:19:24.690" end="00:19:32.370"><![CDATA[So, what we are trying to do with our research is to reduce the energy consumption without having the doors-]]></p>
      <p begin="00:19:32.390" end="00:19:42.100"><![CDATA[The air circulates from the bottom of the fridge- you can see those fans there,]]></p>
      <p begin="00:19:42.120" end="00:19:51.010"><![CDATA[they draw the air from the front, they push it through a heat exchanger behind the fans.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:19:51.030" end="00:19:58.560"><![CDATA[The air cools dwn and then it travels along the back of the cabinet and then it flows]]></p>
      <p begin="00:19:58.580" end="00:20:06.200"><![CDATA[towards the front through those holes at the back and the remainder of the air goes to the top and comes out of the air curtain.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:20:06.220" end="00:20:13.240"><![CDATA[We try to protect the products from the ambient conditions by having this invisible air curtain in front of the cabinet]]></p>
      <p begin="00:20:13.260" end="00:20:21.210"><![CDATA[and by reducing the amount of air obviously that will decrease the efficiency of the refrigeration system.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:20:21.230" end="00:20:28.650"><![CDATA[So we study the various parameters and their contribution to the inefficiency of the cabinet and we try to reduce those inefficiencies]]></p>
      <p begin="00:20:28.670" end="00:20:33.790"><![CDATA[Apart from research on the cabinet we also do work in the development of cabinets for the various companies]]></p>
      <p begin="00:20:33.810" end="00:20:39.650"><![CDATA[We can develop cabinets from scratch to achieve a certain objective]]></p>
      <p begin="00:20:39.670" end="00:20:44.920"><![CDATA[or we can optimize existing cabinets for companies.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:20:44.940" end="00:20:51.300"><![CDATA[For example we have this cabinet here. It was supplied by a company for us]]></p>
      <p begin="00:20:51.320" end="00:20:56.530"><![CDATA[to test to see whether it can maintain temperatures below 5 degrees for various products]]></p>
      <p begin="00:20:56.550" end="00:21:06.620"><![CDATA[for example for sandwiches and drinks and then certify it.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:21:06.640" end="00:21:12.940"><![CDATA[To give it a certificate that it maintains temperatures at certain conditions –below 5 degrees for the products.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:21:12.960" end="00:21:19.390"><![CDATA[By doing experiments but also simulating the performance of the air curtain we can vary the various parameters]]></p>
      <p begin="00:21:19.410" end="00:21:27.260"><![CDATA[and find out the optimum size and position of the air curtain to minimize the ambient]]></p>
      <p begin="00:21:27.280" end="00:21:34.970"><![CDATA[air entrainment or the air that escapes the refrigeration system.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:21:34.990" end="00:21:41.530"><![CDATA[We use a combination of methods-both measurements in the laboratory where we use thermocarbos]]></p>
      <p begin="00:21:41.550" end="00:21:45.540"><![CDATA[and velocity meters to measure the velocity of the air and the thermocarbos to]]></p>
      <p begin="00:21:45.560" end="00:21:55.900"><![CDATA[measure the temperature of the air and the temperature of the products.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:21:55.920" end="00:22:03.090"><![CDATA[We can also use smoke where we inject smoke in to the cabinet and how much air escapes from the cabinet.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:22:03.110" end="00:22:06.710"><![CDATA[We also use simulation, of what we call computational 3-dynamics that simulates both the air flow]]></p>
      <p begin="00:22:06.730" end="00:22:12.880"><![CDATA[and the heat transfer in the display cabinet.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:22:12.900" end="00:22:18.780"><![CDATA[Another thing we do is to minimize the material that is used in the cabinet.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:22:18.800" end="00:22:25.660"><![CDATA[So again, reducing the energy that is required to manufacture those materials]]></p>
      <p begin="00:22:25.680" end="00:22:30.770"><![CDATA[we are reducing carbon content of the material and therefore again reduce]]></p>
      <p begin="00:22:30.790" end="00:22:35.910"><![CDATA[overall the CO2 omissions during the life time of the cabinet.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:22:35.930" end="00:22:42.260"><![CDATA[I mean at the moment we are sort of funded by the British government]]></p>
      <p begin="00:22:42.280" end="00:22:58.120"><![CDATA[to determine the green house gas omissions for the different products]]></p>
      <p begin="00:22:58.140" end="00:23:02.050"><![CDATA[Hello, Prof. Savvas! -Hello! Welcome to our house!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:23:02.070" end="00:23:08.520"><![CDATA[-What do you do when not in the lab?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:23:08.540" end="00:23:11.780"><![CDATA[In my family we try to retain all traditions of the Cypriot family, as we live in north London]]></p>
      <p begin="00:23:11.800" end="00:23:18.670"><![CDATA[where a great number of other Cypriots also live.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:23:18.690" end="00:23:25.350"><![CDATA[My children all went to the Greek school and my daughter is married to a Cypriot too.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:23:25.370" end="00:23:34.610"><![CDATA[We try to keep up with traditions, so at weekends, weather permitting]]></p>
      <p begin="00:23:34.630" end="00:23:44.150"><![CDATA[, we make the traditional Cypriot barbeque and other foods, Cypriot coffee and drinks.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:23:44.170" end="00:23:48.500"><![CDATA[Well? Have we achieved disaster yet?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:23:48.520" end="00:23:54.290"><![CDATA[The thermometer we placed in the shade indicates 20°C.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:23:54.310" end="00:23:59.010"><![CDATA[The one we placed inside the bag, reflects the conditions we find in every greenhouse.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:23:59.030" end="00:24:01.110"><![CDATA[It concentrated sunlight and indicates a higher temperature by 9°C.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:24:01.130" end="00:24:07.330"><![CDATA[How about your experiment?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:24:07.350" end="00:24:14.040"><![CDATA[The thermometer inside the bag with the atmospheric air, we notice a rise in temperature by 9°C.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:24:14.060" end="00:24:15.710"><![CDATA[Inside the bag with the carbon dioxide, the rise in temperature was 11°C.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:24:15.730" end="00:24:20.760"><![CDATA[That’s two degrees more!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:24:20.780" end="00:24:21.950"><![CDATA[In the same way we observe the rise in the earth’s temperature.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:24:21.970" end="00:24:25.970"><![CDATA[Which is?  Which is?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:24:25.990" end="00:24:28.950"><![CDATA[Carbon dioxide, which is produced by the burning of fossil fuels…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:24:28.970" end="00:24:31.510"><![CDATA[Like petrol, for example…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:24:31.530" end="00:24:36.310"><![CDATA[This carbon dioxide then is one of the so-called greenhouse gases…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:24:36.330" end="00:24:38.520"><![CDATA[These are the main concerns of the Kyoto Protocol, which calls for the reduction in their emission.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:24:38.540" end="00:24:43.410"><![CDATA[But, what do they actually do?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:24:43.430" end="00:24:51.990"><![CDATA[They trap heat in the atmosphere, which under normal conditions would escape to space.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:24:52.010" end="00:24:59.270"><![CDATA[Much like in a greenhouse, these gases create invisible walls that reflect sunlight, return it that is, back to earth.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:24:59.290" end="00:25:01.190"><![CDATA[Inside the greenhouse plants are kept warm during winter. In short, a rise in the temperature of the interior is achieved.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:25:01.210" end="00:25:08.690"><![CDATA[Greenhouse gases…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:25:08.710" end="00:25:13.300"><![CDATA[like carbon dioxide, result in overheating the planet, leading to all those ill-effects on the environment.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:25:13.320" end="00:25:18.980"><![CDATA[It doesn’t hurt me to die, as long as I keep learning while I am alive!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:25:19.000" end="00:25:30.390"><![CDATA[Stalo, how about that hydrogen, dear?Was it chosen by chance?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:25:30.410" end="00:25:44.190"><![CDATA[So, a chemical engineer at the University of Thessaloniki…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:25:44.210" end="00:25:52.510"><![CDATA[I knew I wanted to study chemical engineering since I was at school. I always liked my chemistry and maths and physics…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:25:52.530" end="00:25:59.600"><![CDATA[I decided I wanted to work with technologies that had to do with products we use in every-day life]]></p>
      <p begin="00:25:59.620" end="00:26:13.130"><![CDATA[, like medicines, plastics, petrol, drinks and foodstuff.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:26:13.150" end="00:26:21.280"><![CDATA[I finished my degree in Thessaloniki and decided to move on to do a PhD, either in Thessaloniki or at the University of Cyprus]]></p>
      <p begin="00:26:21.300" end="00:26:29.210"><![CDATA[. I found some interesting proposals here at the Chemistry Department and made my applications]]></p>
      <p begin="00:26:29.230" end="00:26:52.590"><![CDATA[I was accepted and started my PhD in January 2006. //]]></p>
      <p begin="00:26:52.610" end="00:26:56.110"><![CDATA[The aim of my research is to produce hydrogen from biomass and is done in collaboration]]></p>
      <p begin="00:26:56.130" end="00:27:07.070"><![CDATA[with other European universities as well as industries.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:27:07.090" end="00:27:13.190"><![CDATA[Hydrogen is a very important energy carrier. The main aspect of biomass we target on is wood.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:27:13.210" end="00:27:19.120"><![CDATA[Wood is combusted through a chemical process and the gas product is collected.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:27:19.140" end="00:27:25.370"><![CDATA[. Part of this gas product is hydrogen and carbon dioxide]]></p>
      <p begin="00:27:25.390" end="00:27:32.470"><![CDATA[. The solid product, ash is collected and used as a fertilizer]]></p>
      <p begin="00:27:32.490" end="00:27:38.710"><![CDATA[. The liquid product is what we are concerned with. We collect a compound called phenol.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:27:38.730" end="00:27:47.330"><![CDATA[. Phenol is reacted with water vapour and a catalyst to produce hydrogen.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:27:47.350" end="00:27:53.800"><![CDATA[This here is a catalyst which contains calcium oxide and magnesium oxide.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:27:53.820" end="00:28:02.160"><![CDATA[. It can be found in nature as a bed-rock which makes the cost of this process very low.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:28:02.180" end="00:28:15.600"><![CDATA[With the help of the water vapour and the catalyst we produce hydrogen which of course is our aim.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:28:15.620" end="00:28:21.950"><![CDATA[Hydrogen is used nowadays for producing electricity. When hydrogen is burned with oxygen it produces water, heat and electricity,]]></p>
      <p begin="00:28:21.970" end="00:28:28.540"><![CDATA[, thus being a clean fuel that can be used even for powering cars.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:28:28.560" end="00:28:36.810"><![CDATA[In many countries, cars and buses already run on hydrogen.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:28:36.830" end="00:28:48.030"><![CDATA[Is it not dangerous to burn hydrogen as it is highly flammable?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:28:48.050" end="00:28:54.780"><![CDATA[Hydrogen is as dangerous as petrol or diesel.  In the absence of air it is actually less flammable than petrol]]></p>
      <p begin="00:28:54.800" end="00:28:58.140"><![CDATA[. It is important to say that hydrogen gives out larger amounts of energy than petrol when combusted.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:28:58.160" end="00:29:06.700"><![CDATA[Do you have time to do anything other than your experiments?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:29:06.720" end="00:29:15.280"><![CDATA[The truth is that experimental work does take up a lot of my time but I try to find some time to do other things too.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:29:15.300" end="00:29:18.950"><![CDATA[I like going shopping with my friends, for a drink or to the cinema…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:29:18.970" end="00:29:49.520"><![CDATA[So, let’s find some time for ourselves together then!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:29:49.540" end="00:29:51.460"><![CDATA[When you’re cautious…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:29:51.480" end="00:29:57.230"><![CDATA[-...you do not to burn your fingers…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:29:57.250" end="00:30:01.900"><![CDATA[-Our experiment shows that when we leave the bags in the shade, the temperature of the bag]]></p>
      <p begin="00:30:01.920" end="00:30:08.560"><![CDATA[with the carbon dioxide drops at a slower pace than the other one.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:30:08.580" end="00:30:10.420"><![CDATA[Spring arrives everywhere one or two weeks earlier than it used to half a century ago!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:30:10.440" end="00:30:12.790"><![CDATA[By March summer begins…]]></p>
      <p begin="00:30:12.810" end="00:30:18.310"><![CDATA[-...and by August, summer continues!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:30:18.330" end="00:30:20.010"><![CDATA[-Our research gives us hope though. Once we locate the problem, we must do everything we can to rectify it.]]></p>
      <p begin="00:30:20.030" end="00:30:21.460"><![CDATA[Cause, better late than]]></p>
      <p begin="00:30:21.480" end="00:30:23.600"><![CDATA[-…than later!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:30:23.620" end="00:30:32.460"><![CDATA[-See why we must always be plugged in?]]></p>
      <p begin="00:30:32.480" end="00:30:35.190"><![CDATA[-If we find ourselves not plugged in, all we have to do is click on: www.xlab.tv]]></p>
      <p begin="00:30:35.210" end="00:30:37.250"><![CDATA[Exactly! It could be too late by the time we decide to act!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:30:37.270" end="00:30:40.830"><![CDATA[See ya then!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:30:40.850" end="00:30:44.270"><![CDATA[What? No! I won’t unplug myself until we all change our way of thinking!]]></p>
      <p begin="00:30:44.290" end="00:32:08.980"><![CDATA[(children take him out)All for the environment! applause]]></p>
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